关键词: 骨关节炎, 孟德尔随机化, 运动干预, 遗传学证据

Abstract: Osteoarthritis （OA） is a common chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by joint pain and progressive functional impairment, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Multiple studies have shown that there is a close association between physical activity and the occurrence and development of OA, and moderate physical exercise can effectively delay the progression of the disease. Mendelian Randomization （MR）, as an advanced epidemiological analysis method, can effectively avoid the potential confounding bias in traditional observational studies and use genetic variations to explore the causal relationship between exposure factors and diseases. This review comprehensively analyzes the genetic evidence of the causal relationship between exercise and OA and the latest research progress in clinical exercise intervention. The results show that both genetic studies based on genetic prediction and intervention trials based on clinical practice consistently indicate that low-intensity exercises such as walking have a significant protective effect on OA, effectively alleviating pain, improving joint function, and regulating related inflammatory indicators. In conclusion, the existing evidence from mechanism to clinical practice fully confirms the effectiveness of exercise intervention in OA. In the future, more scientific and precise exercise rehabilitation plans should be developed in combination with individual genetic background and specific conditions to better serve the prevention and treatment of OA.

Key words: osteoarthritis, Mendelian randomization analysis, exercise intervention, genetic evidence