Abstract: Hypospadias is a relatively common congenital malformation of the pediatric genitourinary system, and its incidence has been increasing worldwide in recent years. This disorder not only leads to abnormal micturition and penile developmental malformations, but may also have an adverse psychological effect on affected children due to penile morphological anomalies and the resulting social stress. In etiological research on hypospadias,epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals （EDCs） is an important environmental factor that increases the risk of this disease. This paper systematically reviews the main categories of EDCs and their primary exposure routes, and focuses on exploring their pathogenic mechanisms from four aspects： interfering with hormonal signals, impairing the developmental microenvironment and molecular dynamics, affecting and affecting the progesterone receptorhypothesis and the regulation of key genes. It aims to provide a systematic reference for an in-depth understanding of the etiology of hypospadias.

Key words: hypospadias, endocrine disrupting chemicals, androgens, phthalates, pathogenesis

摘要： 尿道下裂是一种较为常见的小儿泌尿生殖系统先天性畸形,近年来全球发病率呈现上升趋势,该病不仅会导致排尿功能异常、阴茎发育畸形等问题,还可能因阴茎外观异常及其引发的社交压力对患儿心理造成影响。在其病因研究中,流行病学调查显示环境内分泌干扰物（EDCs）的暴露是导致该疾病风险升高的重要环境因素。本文系统综述了主要EDCs的类别及其主要的暴露途径,并重点从干扰激素信号、破坏发育微环境与分子动力学、孕酮假说及影响关键基因表达四个层面探讨其致病机制,旨在为深入理解尿道下裂的病因学提供系统参考。

关键词: 尿道下裂, 环境内分泌干扰物, 雄激素, 邻苯二甲酸酯, 发病机制